Effect of Artificial Sweetener (AFS) on Glucose Metabolism in Patients with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

Exclusion Criteria

• •A major medical diagnosis that could potentially influence metabolic dysfunction
• •A major medical diagnosis other than T1D,
• •Alcohol or substance use disorder,
• •Eating disorder or history of malabsorptive syndrome,
• •Inflammatory bowel disease,
• •Self-reported impairment in taste or smell,
• •A known taste or smell dysfunction (e.g., anosmia),
• •Active pregnancy and/or lactation,
• •Food allergies or intolerances,
• •Dislike of the test beverages,
• •History of bariatric surgery at any point in the past ●. Regular consumer of Gymnema sylvestre