Sparking Gut Bacteria Production of Bioactive Xenolipids in Situ

Exclusion Criteria

• •\- pregnancy or lactation
• •allergy or aversion to any of the foods that will be studied and/or provided
• •history of gastrointestinal disorders including ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, celiac sprue, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), familial adenomatous polyposis, pancreatic disease, or liver disease
• •history of any metabolic diseases (including, but not limited to: diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia)
• •previous gastrointestinal resection or bariatric surgery
• •bleeding disorders that preclude blood draws
• •history of kidney disease
• •recent hospital admissions (past 6 months) for heart disease (MI/CVA or CHF) or other CVD/CAD conditions under physician guided therapy
• •cancer under radiation or chemotherapy treatment that is active or within 6 months of treatment
• •regular alcohol intake of \> 2 drinks/day (equivalent to 720 mL of beer, 240 mL of wine, or 90 mL of spirits) and unwilling to abstain during the run-in week and test day
• •use of tobacco and/or marijuana, hookahs, e-cigarettes (e-cigs, vapes, etc.) and not willing to abstain during the run-in week and test day
• •use of illicit drugs and not willing to abstain during the run-in week and test day
• •BMI greater than 30 kg/m2 or below 18.5 kg/m2
• •regular (daily to weekly) use of over the counter (OTC) weight-loss aids, anti-acids or anti-inflammatories, and unwilling or unable to stop taking during the run-in week and test day
• •regular OTC dietary supplements that interfere with the test foods being studied including pills, chewables, liquids or powders for the following: fiber, fish oil (including cod liver oil), probiotics, and unwilling or unable to stop taking during the run-in week and test day
• •oral or IV antibiotic use in the past 6 months (could defer participation until 6 months post-completion of course of antibiotics)
• •seated blood pressure \>140/90 mmHg
• •fasting clinical lab tests outside acceptable values as ascertained at the screening blood draw
• •current use of specific prescription medication(s) that could impact gut physiology, gut microbiota, or other systems relevant to metabolism and fat PK
• •inability to freely give informed consent in English