Lead Sponsor

Taif University

Age

20 - 60 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•1. are aged between 20-60 years old,
•2. have one or more than one positive finding in one of the following categories: (1) painful arc of movement during flexion or abduction; (2) Neer (sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.58) or Kennedy-Hawkins (sensitivity 0.74, specificity 0.57) impingement signs\[28\]; and (3) pain during resisted external rotation, abduction or empty can test (sensitivity 0.69, specificity 0.62).\[29\] A combination of positive results to these clinical tests has values ≥ 0.74 for sensitivity and specificity for SIS.

•1. have a history of glenohumeral luxation in the last 12 months or any fracture to the shoulder girdle.
•2. have a shoulder pain reproduced by cervical movements. had a previous shoulder surgery, adhesive capsulitis, defined as loss of passive shoulder ROM greater than 50%, and
•3. have a clinical sign of full-thickness tears of any rotator cuff muscles identified by lag signs \[30\]: drop sign (sensitivity 0.73, specificity 0.77), external rotation sign (sensitivity 0.46, specificity 0.94) and internal rotation sign (sensitivity 1.00, specificity 0.84).

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