Cerebral pAlsy Motor Promotion With Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (CAMP-tDCS)

Currently, clinical treatment of hand/arm motor deficits in children affected by cerebral palsy is mainly rehabilitation and behaviorally oriented. Constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) has emerged as a frequently used rehabilitation intervention in children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy (HCP). In CIMT sessions, the unaffected upper limb is restrained with a cast or similar device, and the affected hand/arm is intensively and structurally trained. With different variations, such as constraint and intensity, CIMT has been demonstrated to be efficacious in improving hand-and-arm use in children with HCP. However, clinical outcomes across individuals who receive CIMT can show vast variation. How to improve the efficacy of CIMT and reduce individual variation will be of direct and profound clinical impacts. Motor deficits of children with HCP have a source origin of early brain injury, which often disrupts some regions of the brain and can cause changes in brain functions. Alteration or normalization of brain neuronal activities may influence motor functions in children with HCP and might boost the efficacy of CIMT. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), a type of non-invasive weak electric stimulation, has been demonstrated to be capable of influencing cognition and behaviors in abundant laboratory research tasks, hinting at potential clinical effects. Specific to the pediatric population with HCP, a few preliminary studies have tested the safety of tDCS when applied in children with HCP. This study will test how tDCS influences the efficacy of CIMT in children with HCP by comparing motor performances between two groups. The first group of children with HCP will receive anodal tDCS and CIMT while the second group of children with HCP will receive sham tDCS and CIMT during the intervention phase.