Biomarkers of Recurrence and Progression in Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

The aim of our prospective study was to determine the prognostic impact of the inflammatory response and indicators of nutritional status on recurrence and progression of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in patients undergoing transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT). We evaluated six biomarkers, 3 in blood serum: soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (sUPAR), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), interleukin 8 (IL-8) and 3 in urine: apolipoprotein E (APOE), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin 8 (IL-8). Furthermore, following indicators of nutritional status were investigated: Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS) and Modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS). The primary endpoint of this study was the recurrence or progression of NMIBC based on the histopathological or cystoscopic result. The study outcome was evaluated during the first surveillance cystoscopy, which was performed in time intervals indicated by European Association of Urology. Based on literature data and statistical assumptions we aimed to recruit 240 patients with NMIBC.