The Characteristics of Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia From the Illness Onset

Research steps: (1) First, based on the applicant's project funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Natural Science Foundation: Precise Identification and Treatment of Treatment-Resistant First-Episode Schizophrenia), treatment-resistant first-episode schizophrenia patients (TRO) and non-treatment-resistant first-episode schizophrenia patients (None-TRO) will be included. The demographic information, disease characteristics, psychopathology, social functioning, and neurocognition data of the patients will be collected. This includes scores from the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Bech-Rafaelsen Mania Scale (BRMS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Insight into Treatment Adherence Questionnaire (ITAQ), Perceived Stress Scale- Chinese Version (PSS-CV), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects (RSESE), Clinical Global Impressions Scale (CGI), Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), UKU Side Effect Rating Scale, Personal and Social Performance Scale (PSP), Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS), and Computerized Battery of Cognitive Tests (CBCT). All data will be anonymized and will not involve the personal privacy of the participants. (2) For TRO patients, demographic information, disease characteristics, psychopathology, social functioning, and neurocognition data will be integrated. Mathematical modeling methods such as K-Means/SVM and Convolutional Neural Networks will be used to try to establish a TRO prediction model, with predictive factors obtained through literature review, expert consultation, and data analysis. Treatment-resistant schizophrenia: After 6 weeks of treatment with two second-generation antipsychotic drugs at an adequate dose (minimum dose for acute treatment of schizophrenia as stated in the antipsychotic drug instructions or equivalent dose of 600mg chlorpromazine), no clinical improvement is observed (CGI-S ≥ 4 or PANSS reduction rate \< 50%).