Trauma is defined as a physical injury from an external source of sudden onset and severity, which require immediate medical attention.Despite improvements in trauma systems worldwide, trauma continues to be one of the leading causes of death and disability in all age groups, especially the young and middle age group.
Approximately 5.8 million people die each year due to trauma related injuries, representing 8% of the worldwide mortality Polytrauma is a short verbal equivalent commonly used for severely injured patients usually with associated injury (i.e. two or more severe injuries in at least two different areas of the body), less often with a multiple injury (i.e. two or more severe injuries in one body area). Polytrauma patients usually have a much higher risk of mortalities and disabilities than the risk of expected mortalities in individual injuries patients.
Even though polytrauma can occur due to different causes such as road traffic accidents, fall from heights bullet injuries, suicide and homicide
.Yet the leading cause of traumatic related causes of death worldwide is road traffic accidents Egypt, in particular, has experienced an alarming increase in the burden of traumatic injuries. According to the World Health Organization In 2015 Egypt has one of the highest rates of road accidents worldwide, with more than 12,000 fatalities each year, one of the highest among Eastern Mediterranean countries. Although 90% of world's road trauma related fatalities occur in low- and middle-income countries, Injury
prevention and trauma care programs in these countries have remained deficient. The prediction of ongoing hemorrhage in severe trauma patients is challenging, and 14 scoring systems or algorithms have been developed to guide clinicians in this critical situation , the early identification of trauma patients with ongoing hemorrhage is pivotal for addressing their critical condition. Many of the scores are used in daily clinical practice and seem to be an interesting tool in the management of massive bleeding. The best scoring system would probably be one that combines superior accuracy in predicting the need for MT with an ease of use that would allow early identification of patients requiring Massive blood trasfusion.
Massive blood transfusion has often been defined as transfusion of ≥ 10 units of whole blood or red blood cells (RBC) within 24 h, as an approximation of the replacement of ≥ 1 total blood volume Or transfusion of ≥ 5 RBC units in 4 h, the replacement of ≥ 50% of total blood volume in 3 h, or ≥ 3 RBC units during any 1-h period in the first 24 h after hospital arrival The goal of this study is to reduce mortality by comparing between TASH and modified TBSS in prediction of need for massive blood transfusion in severe trauma patients .
