Participants has provided informed consent before initiation of any study-specific activities/procedures.
Newly diagnosed or relapse of granulomatosis with polyangiitis or microscopic polyangiitis, consistent with Chapel-Hill Consensus Conference definitions (Jennette et al, 2013), where induction treatment with cyclophosphamide or rituximab is needed.
You may not be if
Age \>/= 18 years (or \>/= legal age within the country if it is older than 18 years).
Positive test for anti-positive antiproteinase 3 or antimyeloperoxidase (current or historic) antibodies.
At least 1 Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) major item, or at least 3 BVAS nonmajor items, or at least the 2 renal items of proteinuria and hematuria.
Alveolar hemorrhage requiring invasive pulmonary ventilation support anticipated to last beyond the screening period of the study.
Any other known multisystem autoimmune disease that may confound study assessments and study conclusions including but not limited to eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA \[Churg-Strauss\]), systemic lupus erythematosus, immunoglobulin (Ig) A vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein), rheumatoid vasculitis, Sjogren's syndrome, anti-glomerular basement membrane disease, or cryoglobulinemic vasculitis.
Any other medical condition requiring or expected to require continued use of immunosuppressive therapies, including corticosteroids that may cause confoundment with study assessments and study conclusions.
Received dialysis or plasma exchange within 16 weeks before Day 1 randomization.
Have had a kidney transplant.
Malignancy (except curatively treated nonmelanoma skin cancers, curatively treated cervical carcinoma in situ, or breast ductal carcinoma in situ) within the last 5 years before Day 1 randomization.
Acute or chronic, active hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, or human immunodeficiency virus infection during screening.
Any known exposure to a case of active tuberculosis (TB) within the last 12 weeks before Day 1 randomization.
Positive test for active or latent TB during screening.
White blood cell count \< 3500/µL, neutrophil count \< 1500/µL, or lymphocyte count \< 500/µl. Note: Complete Blood Count can be repeated once in the screening period at the investigator discretion. In such instances, eligibility will be determined based on the repeat complete blood count.
Evidence of clinically significant hepatic disease including prior diagnosis of cirrhosis.
Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or alkaline phosphatase (ALP) \>2.0 times the upper limit of normal (ULN).
Total bilirubin \> 1.5 times the ULN. Note: A participant with documented Gilbert's syndrome with total bilirubin \< 2 x ULN may be eligible.
Any of the following within 6 weeks prior to Day 1 randomization: serious infection, infection requiring treatment with intravenous (IV) anti-infective agents, any other infection (including active infection, chronic infection, opportunistic infection, or history of recurrent infection) that in the opinion of the investigator would pose a risk to participant safety or interfere with the study evaluation, procedures, or completion. Oral or vaginal candidiasis and cutaneous or nail fungal infections that are not serious do not constitute an exclusion.
Any of the following within 12 weeks prior to Day 1 randomization: myocardial infarction, stroke, unstable angina, symptomatic congestive heart failure requiring prescription medication, any other clinically significant cardiovascular disease that in the opinion of the investigator would pose a risk to participant safety or interfere with the study evaluation, procedures, or completion.
Received cyclophosphamide (CYC) within 12 weeks before signing the informed consent; if on azathioprine (AZA), mycophenolate, or methotrexate (MTX) at the time of screening, these drugs must be withdrawn before receiving CYC. Note: If induction therapy with CYC was started within 2 weeks before signing the informed consent for the current episode of newly diagnosed or relapse of GPA or microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), the participant may be eligible, provided no CYC was received within 12 weeks before the start of the current induction therapy and if on AZA, mycophenolate, or MTX, these were withdrawn prior to receiving the current induction therapy with CYC.
Have been taking an oral daily dose of a glucocorticoid of more than 10 mg prednisone equivalent for more than 6 weeks continuously before signing of the informed consent.
Received RTX or other B-cell depleting therapies within 26 weeks before signing of the informed consent; if on AZA, mycophenolate, or MTX at the time of screening, these drugs must be withdrawn before receiving rituximab (RTX). Note: If induction therapy with RTX was started within 2 weeks before signing the informed consent for the current episode of newly diagnosed or relapse of GPA or MPA, the participant may be eligible, provided no RTX was received within 26 weeks before the start of the current induction therapy and if on AZA, mycophenolate, or MTX, these were withdrawn prior to receiving the current induction therapy with RTX.
Received any of the following within 16 weeks before Day 1 randomization:
antitumor necrosis factor treatment
abatacept
alemtuzumab
IV Ig
belimumab
anti interleukin-6 agent (eg, tocilizumab, sarilumab).
Taking a strong or moderate inducer of the cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzyme unless the strong or moderate CYP3A4 inducer can be changed to an alternative medicine at least 1 week before Day 1 randomization.
Received an investigational drug within 30 days or within 5 half-lives (whichever is longer) before Day 1 randomization.
Previously received avacopan without clinical benefit per the Investigator's opinion or received avacopan within 60 days before Day 1 randomization.
