Safety and Efficacy of Fetoscopes Used in Fetoscopic Selective Laser Photocoagulation

All patients who choose to undergo fetoscopic selective laser photocoagulation (S-PLC) at Texas Children's Fetal Center will be offered participation in this research study by study investigators. Description of study rationale and design and a focused interview by the study coordinator to afford potential participants a formal opportunity to examine what they have learned about the research study in the course of their evaluation and discuss how they feel about enrolling in the research study. Once the patient is deemed eligible the informed consent process will be reviewed. If patients elect to participate in the study, informed consent will be obtained, and patients provided a copy of the signed consent. Fetoscopic Procedure: Selective laser photocoagulation (S-PLC) is standard of care for the treatment of complicated monochorionic twin pregnancies and will be performed with the same technique in this study as it is with the use of the currently approved fetoscopes. In the majority of cases, in utero access has been achieved using a small percutaneous incision under ultrasound guidance with the instruments inserted through the maternal abdomen, uterine wall and into the recipient fetus' gestational sac. The fetoscope is then used to "map" the placental vascular pattern. Communicating vessels between the fetuses are ablated using laser energy via a 400-600 micron laser fiber that has been introduced through the instrument channel of the operating sheath. Intravenous sedation with local anesthesia at the site of insertion has been found to provide sufficient maternal anesthesia for the procedure. At the completion of the S-PLC, the excess amniotic fluid in the recipient twin's sac is removed to achieve a normal volume. Follow-Up: The investigators will follow patients for the immediate post-procedure period (until they leave the OR).