The Ability Of Inferior Vena Caval Distensibility Index With Passive Leg Raising Test To Predict Spinal Anesthesia-induced Hypotension In Elderly Patients Undergoing Infra-umbilical Surgeries. A Prospective Observational Study.

Exclusion Criteria

• •Negative consent. Pre-existing hypertension Diabetes mellitus or autonomic neuropathy (patients diagnosed with autonomic neuropathy or having suggestive symptoms such as orthostatic hypotension, syncopal attacks, decreased sweating, and urinary incontinence) Emergency operations Absolute contraindications or failure to perform spinal anesthesia If PLR maneuver is contraindicated (intracranial hypertension) or possibly unreliable ( venous compression stocking, intraabdominal hypertension) Difficulties in IVC visualization due to increased subcutaneous fat tissue or gastric gas interferin