Participants will be parents or caregivers and one child and up to two children under their care aged between 8-14 years. recruitment of the families will be done by the LGUs considering the opportunistic, 'universal' approach.
The study will be coordinated with the Anti-drug Abuse Councils at the Local Government Units (LGUs) of the five project sites supported by UNODC that mitigates the negative impact of COVID-19 on at-risk communities in the country. They will communicate the study with the Barangay Captains (Chief of the town) to advertise the study to their respective Barangays. Whether the study is announced via an online platform or through a traditional announcement (roving vehicle with a megaphone), or announcement posters, this will be arranged with the Barangay Captains.
Exclusion criteria
* Families that have taken part in family skills training in the past 24 months
* Families in which parent/caregiver live separately from children
* Families in which parents/caregivers/children identified to have drug dependence
Intervention
Strong Families will be delivered to families in groups of approximately 8 to 12 families. Only one or two parents or main caregivers will be invited to attend with a maximum of two children under their care aged 8-14.
The program consists of three meetings (Table 2), one parent (caregiver pre session, 1 hour) during week one. In week two and three, meetings will be one session in which parents and children will meet individually with facilitators for a parent/child session (1 hour each), then come together at the end for a joint family activity session (1 hour session). The first session (parent pre-session) explores parents' challenges and develops ways to better deal with stress. In week two, parents are taught the value of using both love and limits and listening to children while children are taught how to deal with stress. During the family session they practice positive communication and are encouraged to exercise stress relief techniques together. In week 3, parents are trained on how to encourage good behavior and discourage misbehavior, while children explore rules and responsibilities and think about future goals in addition to the important roles their caregivers play in their lives. In the final family session, caregivers and children come together to learn about family values and are encouraged to share appreciation for each other.
Families in the RCT will be randomized to implementation of the Intervention or Waitlist group. Families will be allocated using online software (www.sealedenvelope.com). We are aware that randomization before recruiting participants can influence recruitment and dropout in the control arm. To minimize these issues, we have included costs for compensating families for participation in study measure completion and will instruct staff not to reveal family allocation until families have agreed to take part and before signing informed consent. This is an un-blinded trial. Research assistants, staff and families will be aware of participants' allocated condition during the trial.
Participant activities within the RCT component of the trial
* Participants who show interest in taking part or are invited by the research team along with their participating child, will be given both written and verbal information about the program participation activities and the evaluation process.
* Those interested will be invited to attend a meeting in which they will complete questionnaires, assisted by a research assistant. This will be the first 'measure completion session' of three. During this meeting, they will sign a consent form.
* Participants will be randomly allocated to the intervention or waitlist/control group
* Families in the intervention group will begin the Strong Families program. (Table 2).
* One week and six weeks after the last session that the Intervention group attended the Strong Families Program, all families (also those from the waitlist group in the RCT) will be invited to a session to complete the same questionnaires they completed at the first 'measure completion session'.
* Participants in the intervention group will be asked if they would like to take part in interviews at the time 2 data collection, as indicated in the timeline in Table 3, and given both written and verbal information about the interview process, including questions to be asked and length of interview. Those that are interested will be enlisted and given the schedule and location of the interview.
