Prostate cancer (PC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide in men, with persistently high numbers dying from this disease. Due to low levels of glycolysis in prostate cancer cell, the uses of 18F-FDG PET/CT to detect prostate cancer and its metastases are limited. Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA), as known as folate hydrolase I or glutamate carboxypeptidase II, is overexpressed on the cells of prostatic adenocarcinoma. Various low molecular weight radiopharmaceuticals targeting PSMA such as PSMA-617, PSMA-11 for 68Ga-labeling have been developed. 68Ga-PSMA PET/CT has demonstrated desirable sensitivity and specificity in the detection of prostate cancer lesions, which can find many micro lesions that cannot be identified by CT, MRI and bone scan. Al18F-PSMA-617 is a novel radiopharmaceutical targeting PSMA. Liu T et.al had demonstrated that Al18F-PSMA-617 accumulates specifically in PSMA-positive tumors with high binding affinity and selectivity. The first in-human evaluation of Al18F-PSMA-617 in a small PCa sample size also confirmed the good detectability of tumor lesions. This pilot study was prospectively designed to evaluate the early dynamic distribution of Al18F-PSMA-617 compared with 68Ga-PSMA-617 in the same group of prostate cancer patients.
