Brain Aging: Muscle-to-brain Axis Modulates Physio-cognitive Decline

This study is a randomized controlled trial of 12-month multidomain intervention program among community-living older adults with early physical or cognitive impairments. Inclusion criteria are: (1) community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 65 years, (2) slow gait speed (\<1 m/s in 6-meter walk test) or weakness (dominant handgrip strength \<28 kg in men, \<18 kg in women); subjects with the following conditions will be excluded: (1) established diagnosis of dementia, Parkinsonism or other neurodegenerative disease (2) disable status: mobility-limiting conditions, (3) active, acute diseases receiving treatment, such as cancer, heart failure, COPD and so on, (4) estimated life expectancy \<12 months, (5) current nursing home residents.