Tranexamic Acid for the Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Pregnant Women With Placenta Previa

Exclusion Criteria

• •Known hypersensitivity to tranexamic acid or concentrated hydrochloric acid
• •History of venous (deep vein thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism) or arterial thrombosis (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, or stroke)
• •History of epilepsy or seizure
• •Any known active cancer, active cardiovascular, renal, or liver disorders
• •Autoimmune diseases such as lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's disease, and inflammatory bowel disease
• •Sickle cell disease
• •Severe hemorrhagic disease
• •Administration of low-molecular-weight heparin or antiplatelet agents within one week prior to delivery
• •Severe coagulation disorders with prothrombin time or activated partial thromboplastin time exceeding the upper limit of normal, or platelet count less than 80×109/L
• •placenta abruption
• •In-utero fetal death
• •Eclampsia or HELLP syndrome
• •Acquired color vision deficiency or subarachnoid hemorrhage
• •Severe bleeding with estimated blood loss exceeding 500 ml, within 12 hours before cesarean delivery
• •Known congenital or acquired thrombophilias, including antiphospholipid antibody syndrome
• •Participation in another intervention study where the primary outcome includes postpartum bleeding or thromboembolism or the study intervention potentially affects postpartum bleeding or thromboembolism