Comparing Laparoscopic and Open Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Nonpancreatic Periampullary Adenocarcinomas

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Patients with distant metastases, including peritone- al, liver, distant lymph node metastases and involve- ment of other organs.
• •2. Patients requiring left, central or total pancreatecto- my or other palliative surgery.
• •3. Preoperative American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) score ≥4.
• •4. History of other malignant disease
• •5. Pregnant or breastfeeding women.
• •6. Patients with serious mental disorders
• •7. Patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy.
• •8. Patients with vascular invasion and requiring vascular resection as evaluated by the MDT team according to abdominal imaging data.
• •9. Body mass index \>35 kg/m 2 .
• •10. Patients participating in any other clinical trials with- in 3 months.