Effects and Mechanisms of RAS Training on Upper-limb Movements in PD Patients

Inclusion Criteria

• •(a) idiopathic PD diagnosed by a neurologist based on the Movement Disorders Society clinical diagnostic criteria;
• •(b) the Hoehn and Yahr stage is 2 or 3, meaning that bilateral movement problems or combination with mild postural instability;
• •(c) a score of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is equal to or higher than 21 to ensure that they understand experimental instructions;
• •(d) a score of Edinburgh Handedness Inventory is above 60 to ensure that they are right-handed;
• •(e) types and doses of medications remain unchanged in the past month right before participation.
• •Age- and sex-matched healthy controls who filled the criteria (c) and (d) will be recruited from communities.