Optic Nerve Sheath Ultrasound in Giant Cell Arteritis

Exclusion Criteria

• •An individual who meets any of these criteria will be excluded from SONIC-GCA:
• •1. Referral for a suspected GCA relapse.
• •2. Current use of systemic glucocorticoids, with the following duration at the baseline visit: ≥ 14 consecutive days of oral glucocorticoids in the previous 30 days, or ≥ 7 consecutive days of oral glucocorticoids if intravenous glucocorticoids were administered in the previous 30 days.
• •3. Current use of any conventional or biologic immunosuppressive therapy.
• •4. Known previous medical history of retinal diseases, optic nerve diseases, demyelinating diseases, normotensive hydrocephalus, intracranial tumors (benign or malignant), or any conditions associated with intracranial hypertension.
• •5. Any condition that impairs the ability to perform optic nerve sheath ultrasound or fundoscopy.