Night-time Dexmedetomidine-esketamine Infusion and Sleep Quality in ICU Patients

Sleep disturbances are common in patients during intensive care unit (ICU) stay, especially those receiving mechanical ventilation. Persistent sleep disturbances are associated with negative outcomes, including increased sensitivity to pain, increased risk of delirium and cardiovascular events, and delayed weaning from mechanical ventilation. Dexmedetomidine and ketamine are both suggested for sedation and analgesia in ICU patients. Previous studies showed that night-time dexmedetomidine infusion may improve sleep quality in ICU patients with mechanical ventilation, the effect is dose-dependent. However, sedative dose dexmedetomidine increases adverse events inculding bradycardia and hypotension. Recent studies suggest that ketamine/esketamine may also improve sleep quality. But even low-dose ketamine/esketamine increases adverse events including psychiatric and dissociative symptoms. We suppose that combined use of low-dose dexmedetomidine and esketamine may produce synergic effects in improving sleep quality in ICU patients with less adverse events. The purpose of this trial is to observe whether night-time infusion of low-dose dexmedetomidine-esketamine combination can improve sleep structure of patients receiving mechanical ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in ICU patients and the safety of this regimen.