Effects of Beef Consumption on Skeletal Muscle Protein Homeostasis and Inflammatory Factors in Pre- and Postmenopausal Females

Exclusion Criteria

• •1. Any substantial musculoskeletal injuries/diseases that have limited daily activities in the past month.
• •2. Unable to stop the use of anti-inflammatory drugs for the week prior to and during study.
• •3. Diagnosed metabolic or hormonal disease (i.e., renal, cardiovascular, thyroid, polycystic ovary syndrome, or type I/II diabetes mellitus).
• •4. Currently pregnant.
• •5. Gave birth or was lactating within previous 12 months.
• •6. Undergone gastric bypass/bariatric surgery.
• •7. Clinically significant weight gain or loss (\>5% change) in the last 12 months.
• •8. Consuming metabolism-altering drugs or medications (i.e., corticosteroids, stimulants, insulin, thyroid medication).
• •9. Unable or unwilling to suspend anti-clotting medications including aspirin use for 5 days prior to Visit 4.
• •10. Participating in \>200 minutes/week of vigorous exercise and/or \>4 days/week of resistance training.
• •11. Unwilling to fast overnight.
• •12. Surgical menopause.
• •13. Having undergone hormone replacement therapy in the last 12 months.