eMove - Dance/Movement Therapy Study

Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder affecting 20 million people throughout the world and is the fourth leading cause of disability in the developed world. Anhedonia, apathy, social withdrawal, and under-activity are common negative symptoms that have a detrimental impact on patients' overall quality of life. Activation, defined as physical, psychological and social engagement in everyday activities, is one of the most important psychosocial predictors of functional outcomes in people with schizophrenia. Psychosocial interventions designed to decrease negative symptoms and improve activation are considered crucial in the treatment of schizophrenia. Movement/body based interventions are one type of psychosocial interventions that are recommended. Given the prevalence of under-activity, interventions such as dance/movement therapy that focuses on movement behavior, emotional expression and social support, can optimize the functioning of individuals with schizophrenia. In addition, as many people with schizophrenia are treated on an outpatient basis and rarely require hospitalization, COVID-19 restrictions cause greater social withdrawal, reduced access to social support, lack of motivation, under-activity, and loneliness. Dance/movement therapy as a therapeutic holistic approach has unique potential to promote activity engagement in individuals with schizophrenia. Preliminary evidence suggests that dance/movement therapy enhances psychosocial functioning and reduces severity of negative symptoms of schizophrenia however to date no study has examined a telehealth delivery of dance/movement therapy to promote activation in this population. Therefore, the overarching goals of this feasibility study are (1) to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability and credibility of a telehealth dance/movement therapy treatment procedures and research protocol; (2) to assess and improve methodological procedures for conducting a randomized controlled trial (RCT) test of telehealth dance/movement therapy protocol; and (3) to determine preliminary effects of telehealth dance/movement therapy to promote activation in chronic schizophrenia. This feasibility study uses a single-group convergent mixed methods design in which quantitative (survey data) and qualitative (semi-structured exit interviews) data are collected concurrently and analyzed independently; the results are then compared and contrasted. The quantitative strand of the study will be a one-group pre/post-test design. For the qualitative strand, we will conduct semi-structured exit interviews post-intervention. The qualitative data will help to (1) obtain participant feedback on the intervention and its telehealth delivery, and (2) enhance our understanding of the impact of the intervention on activation in chronic schizophrenia. This is the first study to examine the feasibility and preliminary effects of telehealth dance/movement therapy to promote activation in chronic schizophrenia. The findings from this study will provide (1) important methodological and protocol data and substantive pilot data necessary for the next phase of this line of research (a fully powered RCT to evaluate efficacy of treatment); and (2) will contribute towards the development of telehealth interventions for treatment and rehabilitation of individuals with chronic schizophrenia.