Prospective Healthcare-Associated Links in Transmission of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

This is a prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized study to investigate potential NTM outbreaks in the six CF Care Centers currently enrolled in the HALT NTM study. The study will investigate potential episodes of healthcare-associated NTM transmission and/or acquisition within participating U.S. Care Centers, coupled with healthcare environmental sampling and home of residence watershed analysis. PART A / Epidemiologic Investigation: The Colorado NTM Outcome Measure Advancement Core National Resource Centers (CO-NRC) provides a national reference laboratory for CF NTM. NTM respiratory isolates received from CF Care Centers around the U.S. undergo culture, molecular identification, antimicrobial susceptibility, and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Using this approach, the CO-NRC has identified clusters of NTM isolates, defined as highly similar strains at the genomic level, harbored by two or more people with CF (pwCF) who are cared for at the same CF Care Center. These identifications have heightened the concern for potential healthcare-associated NTM acquisition originating from patient-to- patient transmission or a common environmental source within Centers. Using integrated clinical and epidemiological research methods, the parent HALT NTM study developed and validated a healthcare-associated epidemiologic investigation toolkit that can identify overlaps in source(s) of care between patients with highly similar NTM isolates in a Center. The parent HALT NTM toolkit facilitates a stepwise process by which individual Centers perform epidemiologic evaluation of patients identified by the CO-NRC as being infected with clustered NTM isolates. The retrospective parent HALT NTM study of potential NTM outbreaks has been completed at six participating CF Care Centers. In the pHALT NTM study, participating sites will prospectively submit all respiratory NTM isolates from all PwCF receiving routine care over a two-year period to NJH Advanced Diagnostic Laboratories. All NTM isolates will be stored in the Biobank within the NTM Culture, Biorepository and Coordinating Core (Project ID: HS3149) and used for research purposes. The CO-NRC will utilize an honest broker to de-identify NTM isolates and will culture, bank, and extract DNA. The CO-NRC de-identified isolates will then be analyzed as previously described. When highly related clusters are identified, the HALT NTM epidemiologic investigation toolkit will be independently used by each participating Center to identify overlaps in source(s) of care between patients with highly similar NTM isolates. Additionally, PwCF identified as being infected with highly similar NTM isolates will be asked to complete an online survey. The survey will ask the subject's basic demographic information, query their interactions with other PwCF, and document where they receive CF care. PART B / Dust and Water Biofilm Collection: Clustered NTM isolates could originate from a shared healthcare water source. Biofilms from healthcare dust and water supplies will be collected and NTM recovered, identified, and sequenced to determine if the respiratory CF NTM strain genotype is similar to those recovered from the healthcare dust and water supply. Part C/Home of Residence Watershed Mapping: Clustered NTM isolates could originate from a shared home of residence water supply. PwCF having clustered NTM isolates will be asked to complete an online survey. The survey will ask subjects for their current and last 2 year's home address. The home of residence for PwCF identified in clusters will be extracted and geocoded to latitude and longitude coordinates and mapped to Hydrologic Unit Code level watersheds to determine if clustered PwCF share a common home of residence water supply source.