The Effects of Stress & Irregular Shift Hours on First Responders

This study aims to expand and improve current research regarding the physiological, psychological, and cognitive impacts that workplace stress and irregular shift hours have on first responders. The investigators will examine electroencephalogram (EEG)/heart rate variability (HRV) measurements and gut microbiota to help bridge the connection between the impacts of a physically and mentally demanding workplace with highly irregular shift hours on first responders. There are numerous studies conducted to evaluate how stress impacts first responders in areas such as physical and mental health, but there lacks comprehensive research that examines the physiological, psychological, and cognitive impacts of workplace stress and irregular shift hours have on first responders in the U.S. There also lacks information of the challenges first responders face when trying to manage their physical and mental health. To conduct these objectives, we will focus on these specific aspects: 1. The impact of shift hours (especially longer shift hours, e.g., firefighters 24 vs. 48 shift hours) on first responders, specifically in connection to sleep disorders and other cognitive function-related issues. 2. The connection between workplace incidents and stress/alertness levels - even during off-duty hours. 3. First responder self-help/stress relief coping techniques or modalities and their efficacy