Age

18–65

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Accepted

Control Group:
1. 18-65 years of age (to avoid confounding physiological factors related to puberty or presbyphonia)
2. No history of or current voice disorder
3. Auditory perceptual presentation globally within functional limits (as determined by a voice specialized SLP).
1. Diagnosed with phonotrauma (i.e., vocal fold nodules, vocal fold polyp, vocal fold pseudocyst, mid-fold edema) by a laryngologist.
2. 18-65 years of age

1. Atypical auditory-perceptual voice presentation
2. History of voice disorder or laryngeal surgery.
Patient Group:
1. Diagnosis of voice disorder not related to phonotrauma (e.g., vocal fold immobility, laryngeal dystonia, primary muscle tension dysphonia, etc.)
2. Previous history of laryngeal surgery or voice therapy (to avoid confounding effects of previous treatment).

Patients With and Without Phonotrauma