Implant-supported Rehabilitation With SPAL Technique or Soft Tissue Augmentation

Exclusion Criteria

• •current heavy smoking (≥20 cigarettes/day for ≥6 months prior to and at the time of the surgical procedure);
• •untreated periodontal disease prior to implant placement;
• •history of radiation therapy in the head and neck area;
• •history of chemotherapy;
• •systemic disease or conditions with a documented effect on bone metabolism and/or osseous healing;
• •past (within 6 months prior to enrolment in the study) or current treatment with any medication with a documented effect on bone metabolism and/or osseous healing;
• •documented allergy to dental materials involved in the experimental protocol;
• •pregnancy or lactation;
• •history of drug or alcohol abuse.
• •Moreover, participants immediately exited the study upon:
• •request to withdraw from further participation;
• •development of acute dental, peri-implant or oral conditions requiring treatment;
• •presence of either a buccal BD \> 5 mm in depth or a thick (≥ 1 mm) peri-implant buccal bone plate as clinically assessed with a periodontal probe immediately after implant placement;
• •presence of endodontic lesions at teeth adjacent to the implant site;
• •previous bone augmentation/preservation procedures at the designated implant areas;
• •need for vertical bone augmentation.