Intranasal Versus Intravenous Dexmedetomidine for Hypotensive Anesthesia in FESS

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patients with a body mass index \> 30 kg/m2
• •Existing or recent significant disease.
• •Contraindications to the use of dexmedetomidine.
• •History or presence of a significant disease.
• •Significant cardiovascular disease risk factors.
• •Significant coronary artery disease.
• •Any known genetic predisposition.
• •History of any kind of drug allergy.
• •Drug abuse.
• •Psychological or other emotional problems.
• •Special diet or lifestyle.
• •Clinically significant abnormal findings in physical examination, electrocardiographic (ECG) or laboratory screening.
• •Known systemic disease requiring the use of anticoagulants.
• •Any nasal disorders that may hinder nasal administration of the drugs as repeated nasal bleeding or nasal tumors.
• •Patients with a history of previous functional endoscopic sinus surgery.