Studying the Effect of Levocarnitine in Protecting the Liver From Chemotherapy for Leukemia or Lymphoma

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: I. To determine in a randomized manner whether the addition of levocarnitine prophylaxis to asparaginase-containing regimens will decrease the incidence of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (\> 3 mg/dL) during ALL induction therapy for adolescents and young adults (adolescents and young adults \[AYAs\], age 15-39 years). SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To examine the impact of levocarnitine prophylaxis on differences in the incidence of grade \>= 3 alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) elevations during ALL induction. II. To compare rates of minimal residual disease (MRD) positivity at end of induction and describe MRD+ by end of consolidation (EOC) in those receiving ALL induction chemotherapy with and without levocarnitine. EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. To compare rates of toxicity and associated dose reductions for chemotherapy administered with and without concomitant levocarnitine supplementation. II. To compare across study arms the peak levels during induction of conjugated and total bilirubin, AST, ALT, and duration of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia from onset \> 3 mg/dL to =\< 3 mg/dL. III. To describe the efficacy of levocarnitine prophylaxis to reduce the incidence and/or severity of early patient-reported chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. IV. To describe the three-year event-free and overall survival (EFS/OS) in those treated with and without levocarnitine prophylaxis. V. To examine the association of age with asparaginase activity and asparaginase-associated hepatotoxicity during induction. VI. To examine the association of body-mass-index (BMI) percentile (or absolute BMI for young adults) with asparaginase activity and asparaginase-associated hepatotoxicity during induction. VII. To describe adherence by self-report and pill-count to oral levocarnitine in patients randomized to the intervention arm. VIII. To examine the association of plasma levels of carnitine and related markers with the efficacy of levocarnitine supplementation. IX. To determine the impact of inherited genetic variation on hepatoxicity and levocarnitine efficacy. OUTLINE: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 arms (arm A vs. B). ARM A: Patients receive levocarnitine orally (PO) three times daily (TID) or intravenously (IV) as a bolus over 2 to 3 minutes or by infusion (over 10 to 30 minutes or per institutional standard) starting prior to standard of care induction chemotherapy with pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol and continued through the earlier of the last day of Induction phase (i.e., day prior to start of next phase) or Induction day 35. Patients may also undergo blood sample collection during screening and on study. ARM B: Patients receive standard of care induction chemotherapy with pegaspargase or calaspargase pegol on study. Patients may also undergo blood sample collection during screening and on study. ARM C (RESCUE): Patients in Arms A and B who develop conjugated hyperbilirubinemia \> 3 mg/dL during induction may receive levocarnitine rescue PO TID or IV as a bolus dose over 2 to 3 minutes or by infusion (over 10 to 30 minutes or per institutional standard) until resolution of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia =\< 3 mg/dL (or start of consolidation or the next treatment phase, whichever occurs first).