COVID-19 Vaccination Status and The Clinical Outcomes of Long COVID-19 Patients

The study is a prospective cohort study designed to assess whether vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 could reduce the severity and duration of Long COVID, resulting in changes in quality of life in Long-COVID patients. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Universitas Indonesia and informed consent was obtained before enrollment for patients eligible for this study. Allocation of participants to each group was done via vaccination status data collected before enrollment in this study. Baseline participant characteristics were collected before enrollment, including age, sex, body mass index, alcohol and smoking consumption, comorbidities, documented vaccination status, detailed history of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, Long COVID symptoms, severity, and duration. The Six-Minute Walking Test (6MWT) was performed according to the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society (ATS) to assess functional exercise capacity in each patient, followed by a quality of life assessment using the St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) and the Short Form (SF)-36 Health Survey questionnaire. The primary outcomes of this study were long-COVID patients' characteristics, symptom phenotype, and changes in quality of life. The investigators anticipated a change in quality of life difference of 20%, with statistical power of 80% and a level of significance of 0.05. The total required sample size was 192 participants. In anticipation of participant drop-out, the investigators planned to recruit a total of 250 participants.