Cognitive Behavior Play Therapy and Culturally Adapted Mindfulness-Based Guided Self-Help for Parents

There is a high prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems globally and a similar is reported in the children of Pakistan, in a study conducted in Karachi. However, despite the alarming situation created by this problem, there is a need of developing culturally adapted approaches due to differences from western culture, where these therapies have been developed and used first. In this context, this study is planned to find out the effect of Cognitive Behavior Play Therapy and Culturally Adapted Mindfulness-based guided self-help for parents of children with Emotional and Behavioral Problems. The study will be carried out using mixed methods; quantitative and qualitative. The qualitative part will consist of a structured interview with a minimum of 10-15 parents, and mental health professionals, respectively, using the interview questionnaires. The data will be analyzed by systematic content and question analysis which will identify the emerging themes and categories. The data will then be reorganized into wider themes, codes, and categories and written for guidelines to culturally adapt the guided self-help worksheets for parents of emotional and behavioral problems of children. The quantitative phase will be an RCT involving approximately 108 students and parents (in each arm) to assess the effectiveness of "Play Therapy" for students having emotional and behavioral problems and "Mindful parenting" for parents of these children having emotional and behavioral problems. All those who fulfill the diagnostic criteria of emotional and behavioral problems and are studying in schools will be included in the study. The intervention group of the RCT will receive Play Therapy and mindful parenting intervention in addition to the treatment as usual (TAU) while the control group receives TAU. The assessment will be carried out at baseline and at the end of therapy (8 weeks). Strength and difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) with children, and Bangor mindful parenting scale, emotional regulation scale, parenting styles, and marital satisfaction scale with parents will be used respectively. Schwartz Outcome Scale will be used at the follow-up to measure the outcome.