Association of PeRiODontal Disease and gUt Microbiome With Coronary artEry Disease (PRODUCE Study)

The previous studies have reported the associations among cardiovascular disease, periodontitis, and gut microbiome dysbiosis. However, there is a lack of evidences about the axis of association from oral-gut-cardiovascular disease. The investigators hypothesized that periodontal disease might induce dysbiosis of gut microbiome and dysbiosis might have a role in cardiovascular disease (as called "oro-gut-vascular axis"). The investigators aim to prove this hypothesis through this case-control, cross-sectional study.