Intra-cortical Inhibition and Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia

Study 1. In schizophrenia patients at different stages and normal controls, ppTMS-induced M1 intracortical inhibition was used as a candidate biomarker to comprehensively analyze its correlation with cognitive deficits in the seven dimensions of schizophrenia; 1. To compare the differences in ppTMS-induced intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) in the M1 area between schizophrenic patients in the first drug-free period and remission period, and between patients and normal controls; 2. To compare the differences in the 7 cognitive function dimensions of the MCCB between schizophrenic patients in the first episode of drug-free period and remission period, and between patients and normal controls; 3. Analyze the correlation between intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) and seven cognitive function dimensions in first-episode drug-free schizophrenia, remission schizophrenia, and normal controls. Study 2. In patients with schizophrenia and normal controls, to investigate whether there is a correlation between ppTMS-induced intracortical suppression in the M1 area and susceptibility genes that can regulate the function of the E-I microcircuit; 1. Compare the 12 susceptibility genes related to the functional regulation of the E-I microcircuit between patients with schizophrenia and normal controls (including: GABA receptor encoding genes of different subtypes, NMDA receptor encoding genes and others that may affect E-I The distribution difference of 23 single nucleotide polymorphism sites (SNP) in the candidate genes of microcirculation and cognitive function) between the two groups; 2. Compare the effects of the genotypes of each SNP site and the haplotypes of each SNP on the intracortical inhibitory indicators (SICI and LICI) of schizophrenia in the above samples; 3. Further analyze whether the SNP sites found in the previous part that have a significant impact on SICI and LICI also affect cognitive functions in certain dimensions in the above samples. And analyze the potential causal relationship between susceptibility genes and intracortical inhibitory indicators and cognitive deficits; Study 3. Intermittent theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (iTBS) or sham stimulation intervention on the left dlPFC in patients with schizophrenia, analysis of the efficacy of iTBS in improving cognition and intracortical inhibition indicators at baseline and during the treatment interval and treatment The relationship between post-variation and E-I microcircuit function-related susceptibility genes and intracortical inhibition to predict the cognitive efficacy of iTBS. 1. To analyze whether iTBS treatment can effectively reverse the cognitive deficits in patients with first-episode drug-free and remission schizophrenia; 2. To further analyze whether iTBS treatment can reverse the intracortical inhibitory deficits in patients with first-episode drug-free and remission schizophrenia; 3. Analyze whether the efficacy of iTBS in improving cognitive deficits is related to pre-treatment intracortical inhibition (SICI and LICI) in first-episode drug-free and remission schizophrenia patients; and whether the efficacy of iTBS is related to treatment interval and treatment The magnitude of the change in intracortical inhibition after the end correlates; 4. Establish a predictive model for the early prediction of the efficacy of iTBS in improving cognitive deficits by E-I microcircuit function regulation susceptibility gene SNP and SICI and LICI indicators.