A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial of Stent Graft and Drug Coated Balloon Treatment for Recurrent Cephalic Arch Stenosis in Dysfunctional Arteriovenous-venous Fistula

Exclusion Criteria

• •Patient unable to provide informed consent
• •Thrombosed or partially thrombosed AVF
• •Immature AVF
• •Insignificant CAS defined as \<50% stenosis and no clinical indicator such as high V pressure.
• •Presence of central vein stenosis with more than 30% residual stenosis post-angioplasty
• •Patient who had underwent stent placement within the CAS previously
• •Patients who are allergic to both aspirin or clopidogrel
• •Patient who are currently enrolled in other drug eluting balloon trials
• •Sepsis or active infection
• •Recent intracranial bleed or gastrointestinal bleed within the past 12 months.
• •Allergy to iodinated contrast media, heparin or paclitaxel
• •Pregnancy