This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial. Patients will be randomized into one of two groups. Group A (Placebo, control group) will receive intrathecal sterile normal saline and Group B (Morphine group) will receive 5mcg/kg preservative free intrathecal morphine.
American Pain Society Outcome Questionnaire (APS-POQ) will be administered to patients prior to discharge (see data sheet).
Patients will be followed up with a phone survey at 1 and 3 months after surgery to assess the presence, nature, and severity of chronic persistent surgical pain. The Brief Pain Inventory is a reliable and valid measures of the interference of pain with physical functioning and will be used. Additionally patients will be asked about use of pain medications
