Use of Virtual and Augmented Reality Devices in Vestibular Physical Therapy for mTBI

This protocol represents Phase 2 of a project that seeks to implement mobile AR-based technologies into vestibular physical therapy. The Phase 1 protocol (EIRB Number - NHRC.2019.0002) is ongoing and will compare outcomes from the AR-based HMD system (e.g., Magic Leap One) to the VR-based CAREN system. With validated instruments from Phase 1, this pilot prospective, three-armed randomized, interventional clinical trial seeks to incorporate advanced VR- and AR-based technologies as modalities in physical therapy for servicemembers (SMs) with mTBI who also experience vestibular dysfunction. The three arms are: 1) conventional vestibular physical therapy only (CPT), 2) CAREN only (CAREN), and 3) AR HMD only (AR). Primary: To determine whether advanced VR- and AR-based therapy, improves functional status and reduces self- reported symptoms in SMs with vestibular dysfunction and a history of mTBI. Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that after completion of vestibular physical therapy, participants in the CAREN and AR groups will have better outcomes than those in the CPT group. In the CAREN and AR groups, the investigators anticipate greater improvements in static and dynamic balance, as measured by the Sensory Organization Test (SOT), Community Balance and Mobility Scale (CB\&M), and Functional Gait Assessment (FGA), as well as decreased vestibular symptoms, as measured by the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) and Activity-Specific Balance Confidence Scale (ABC). Secondary: To determine whether participants in the advanced technology groups demonstrate similar clinical improvements following treatment. Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that after completion of vestibular physical therapy, participants in the CAREN and AR groups will show similar improvements in static and dynamic balance as well as vestibular symptoms; essentially, the investigators believe the VR- and AR-based therapies will be comparable. Tertiary: To investigate the user experience associated with utilizing advanced technology for the treatment of vestibular dysfunction. Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that participants in the AR group will have greater satisfaction than the CAREN group, as measured by higher scores on the User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (USEQ). Exploratory: Efforts from this study seek to gather information to justify further implementation of AR-based therapy (using HMDs) as well as the development and incorporation of additional military-relevant tasks, such as return-to-duty tasks and measures to be developed for future research efforts.