Molecular, Metabolomic and Nutritional Changes After Metabolic Surgery

Study design This is a prospective single centre study to explore molecular aspects and metabolomic changes among 102 obese individuals of different diabetes status, undergoing metabolic surgery, which is currently performed in Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Serial measurements of the selected markers will be made pre-operative (baseline), at 6 and 12 months follow up after surgery. Twenty (20) healthy individuals will be recruited as controls. Study population All subjects with obesity (Body Mass Index ≥ 30kg/m\^2 \[WHO classification\])) and diagnosed with pre-diabetes, T2D and non-diabetic (healthy) who are undergoing metabolic surgery at Hospital Kuala Lumpur will be recruited. All patients referred by endocrinologists who are eligible and fulfill the inclusion and exclusion criteria for metabolic surgery will be included in the study until the sample size is achieved. Routinely, all patients will need to pay a visit to the clinic at 1, 2, 4 weeks after surgery, then 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24 months and after that, a life-long annual visit. Therefore, visit 6- and 12-month will be utilized for study follow-ups. Metabolic surgery The two most standard metabolic surgical procedures performed at Hospital Kuala Lumpur are laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and laparoscopic Roux en Y gastric bypass (RYGB). All the procedures are performed laparoscopically using 5-ports technique.