Lead Sponsor

Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases

Age

18 - 75 years

Sex

ALL

Healthy Volunteers

No

•1. Patients aged from 18 to 75 years old;
•2. Body mass index (BMI) ranged from 18.5 to 23.9 at enrollment;
•3. IM patients with OLGIM stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and histopathological biopsy within the last 3 months;
•4. Patients without H. pylori infection confirmed by 13C-urea breath test (UBT) or patients with H. pylori infection who completed the bismuth-containing quadruple program and had confirmed successful eradication by 13C-UBT.

•1. History of diabetes mellitus (use of medication and/or HbA1c over 6.5%);
•2. History of regular use (defined as at least once per week) of NSAIDs and/or aspirin;
•3. History of stomach surgery (including endoscopic submucosal dissection and endoscopic mucosal resection) or previously diagnosed malignant tumor;
•4. History of heart failure, renal failure, liver cirrhosis or chronic hepatic failure;
•5. Patients with contraindications or allergies to the drugs in this study;
•6. Breastfeeding or pregnancy;
•7. History of substance abuse or alcohol abuse in the past 1 year;
•8. Severe mental illness;
•9. Refusal of drug treatment;
•10. Refusal of signing informed consent.