The Influence of Immersive Virtual Field Trips on Academic Vocabulary

The purpose of this randomized control study is to investigate an immersive virtual field trip (iVFT) for learning academic vocabulary for students with developmental language disorder (DLD). The primary objective is to compare gains in topic specific vocabulary measures between a traditional book condition and an iVFT learning condition. Also, this study will compare perceptions of the study experience between the control and experimental groups. At study entry, 24 children between the ages of 6:0 to 8:12 years old with a developmental language disorder (DLD) will be randomized to equal groups of control book and experimental iVFT conditions. If satisfy the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a three-phase pre-enrollment process will ensue. In the first phase, the Student Language Scale (SLS) and Shaywitz Dyslexia screeners will be administered to determine likelihood of presence of a language disorder and functional impact on academic and social growth. In the second phase, the CELF-5 diagnostic language assessment will determine the presence of a DLD if a standard score equal or less than 75 is obtained. In the third phase, the PPVT-5 vocabulary assessment will be administered to provide additional information about general receptive vocabulary knowledge. Lastly, four topic specific vocabulary measures will provide a measure of baseline topic vocabulary knowledge. Consented and enrolled participants will be randomized into equal groups of control and experimental conditions. The control group will receive a pre-read book and the experimental group will be exposed to an immersive virtual field trip using 3D cardboard goggles and a smart phone. The content in the book and iVFT parallel one another. In both groups, audio and visual stimuli are presented. For all participants, a total of three 15-minute exposures will occur. Following the condition, the four-topic specific vocabulary measures will be repeated to report on vocabulary growth. The measures include: 1. Divergent Naming (expressive): "Tell me the names of as many \[topic\] as you can think of, as quickly as possible, in one minute." 2. Word Naming (expressive confrontational naming): State name of target image presented in isolation. 3. Picture Identification (receptive): Identify target picture in field of ten. 4. Word meaning recognition: Match the word with the written meaning. Lastly, all participants will rate experience their experience using an Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI) with a 5-point Smile Likert Scale. The data analysis will include descriptive and inferential statistics to report within and between group gains in the four-topic specific vocabulary measures.