After the selection of the population, the patients undergo a molecular diagnosis: DNA will be extracted from peripheral blood with the High Pure PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) Template Preparation Kit (Roche). Then certain polymorphisms will be determined by allelic discrimination with TaqMan® probes with real-time PCR.
The polymorphisms under study will be the following:
ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1) rs9282541 PPARG (Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor Gamma) rs1801282 LIPC (hepatic lipase) rs1800588 CETP (Cholesteryl ester transfer protein) rs708272 LPL (Lipoprotein lipase) rs13702 FABP2 (fatty acid binding protein 2) rs1799883 APOA5 (Apolipoprotein A-V) rs662799 APOC3 (Apolipoprotein C-III) rs5128 APOA1 (Apolipoprotein A-I) rs670 APOE (Apolipoprotein E) rs429358 and rs7412
Patients will be randomized into two different treatment groups. Randomization will be stratified according to age, BMI and sex. The allocation ratio will be 1: 1 and parallel intervention.Then, trained nutritionists will deliver the intervention according to the patient group and they will be followed-up for 8 weeks, which includes 3 face-to-face evaluations (baseline, 1st month and final) and 5 remote consultations, via zoom, every 15 days
Interventions will be provided as follows:
NUTRIGENETIC DIET INTERVENTION Weekly, personalized meal plans (menus) will be provided, prepared based on the anthropometric needs of the patients, with a caloric reduction (-500 kcal). These weekly menus (Sunday to Monday) consist of 5 meal times (breakfast, snack, lunch, snack and dinner). The distribution of the macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and fats, as well as the percentages of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, will be established according to certain nutrigenetic recommendations identified in the reference bibliography.
CONVENTIONAL DIET INTERVENTION Weekly, personalized meal plans (menus) will be provided, prepared based on the anthropometric needs of the patients, with a caloric reduction (-500 kcal). These weekly menus (Sunday to Monday) consist of 5 meal times (breakfast, snack, lunch, snack and dinner). The distribution of the macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins and fats, as well as the percentages of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, will be in accordance with the recommendations made by the WHO (World Health Organization), the AHA (American Heart Association) and the NOM (Official Mexican Standards) for the treatment of obesity and dyslipidemias
The 3 face-to-face evaluations (baseline, 1st month, final) will include anthropometric and biochemical evaluations. Therefore, the following criteria will be measured:
Weight (kg) Height (cm) BMI(kg/m2) Waist circumference and hip circumference (cm) Blood pressure Body composition determination
Blood will be obtained from the antecubital vein, it will be centrifuged to obtain the serum and later it will determine:
Glucose (mg / dL) Total cholesterol (mg / dL) Triglycerides (mg / dL) HDL-c (mg / dL) LDL-c (mg / dL) VLDL-c (mg / dL) Insulin (microIU/mL) C-reactive protein (mg/L) Interleukins, among other parameters
Every 15 days there will be virtual remote consultations, through the zoom platform. In these sessions, the nutritional clinical history and various medical and dietary questionnaires will be applied to evaluate secondary results. In addition, a new food plan will be delivered, according to the needs of the participant and taking into account the characteristics of the experimental treatment to which they belong.
This research will be conducted at The Institute of Translational Nutrigenetics and Nutrigenomics, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
