Cooperative Assessment of Late Effects for SCD Curative Therapies

Our primary objective is initiating a personalized approach to curative therapies in children and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) to maximize benefits and limit adverse outcomes. Limited clinical studies exist to determine the long-term health outcomes following curative therapies for SCD. With emerging curative therapies for SCD (allogeneic \[allo\] hematopoietic stem cell transplant \[HSCT\], gene therapy/editing), long-term health outcomes studies are critical to inform personalized choices. Unfortunately, adverse outcomes have started to emerge after SCD curative therapy. Thus, risks of a cure in SCD must be measured against the benefits of a cure, including stabilization of lung function (FEV1) and improved tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity \[TRJV\]. Ultimately, the shortened lifespan of individuals with SCD, attributable to declining heart (elevated TRJV), lung (decreased FEV1), and kidney (decreased eGFR) function, for which curative therapies were designed to ameliorate, must be measured against favorable and unfavorable late outcomes. In our multicenter retrospective-prospective cohort, the investigators will test the following hypotheses: 1a): myeloablative curative therapies for children with SCD will result in progressive pulmonary and renal dysfunction when compared to children with SCD receiving standard therapy; 1b): nonmyeloablative HSCT for adults with SCD will result in no significant change in FEV1% predicted, but will lead to accelerated decline in eGFR when compared to adults receiving standard therapy; 2) nonmyeloablative HSCT for adults with SCD will be associated with a clinically significant improvement in TRJV following HSCT; and 3) in adults with SCD, proliferative and genotoxic stress uniformly related to nonmyeloablative allo-HSCT and myeloablative gene editing will lead to post-HSCT therapy-related myeloid neoplasm of recipient origin. The investigators will address these hypotheses with the following aims: 1) evaluate the incidence of pulmonary and renal function in 1a: children with SCD receiving myeloablative curative therapies; and 1b: adults with SCD receiving nonmyeloablative allo-HSCT, compared to a pre-existing cohort of children and adults with SCD; 2) determine whether there is a clinically significant improvement in TRJV in adults with SCD, at least half having TRJV \> 2.5 m/s, following nonmyeloablative allo-HSCT, 3) evaluate the prevalence, incidence and evolution of Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) concerning therapy-related myeloid neoplasm development following non-myeloablative HSCT or myeloablative gene editing in adults and children with SCD, and 4) evaluate accuracy and gaps involved in collecting clinical health record data directly from patients and family members in comparison to clinical health record data collected by research coordinators.