Relationship Between Serum N/OFQ and Type 2 Diabetic Nephropathy

Exclusion Criteria

• •Primary kidney disease (e.g. acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, immune and hereditary nephropathy, pyelonephritis, gout related nephropathy, etc.)
• •Abnormal changes of microalbuminuria and urine glucose caused by other factors (such as urinary system infection, fever, 24-hour strenuous exercise, intractable hypertension, congestive heart failure, pregnancy, ketoacidosis, etc.)
• •Failure of other important organs (heart, lung and liver) in the whole body;
• •Activity of urinary sediment;
• •The glomerular filtration rate decreased by more than 30% within 2-3 months after treatment with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist (ARB);
• •Patients with cancer, trauma, stress and other endocrine diseases;
• •Patients with type 1 diabetes and kidney injury;
• •Congenital mental retardation or poor compliance;
• •The informed consent was not signed.