This study is a prospective multi-center cohort study (University Hospital Brussels, National Multiple Sclerosis Center Melsbroek). This is an exploratory study and there is no specific outcome on which a power calculation can be made. We will include different subgroups of patients with MS: stable non-benign RRMS, PPMS, benign MS \[Benign MS is defined as RRMS with an EDSS ≤ 3, 15 years after disease onset\], RRMS during a relapse (before the administration of corticosteroids) \[Relapses are defined as the development of new or recurrent neurologic symptoms not associated with fever or infection or change in medication, lasting at least 24 hours, and accompanied by new, objective neurologic findings\]. Age and sex matched healthy controls will be included as well. All participants will provide a faecal, hair, and blood sample twice (baseline and after 3 months). Patients will be assessed clinically at baseline, 3 months after baseline, and approximately 1, 2, 4.5 years after baseline.
The results of this study have the potential to identify novel simple strategies to strengthen or alter the microbiome ecosystem and strengthen the overall treatment process. In case of a positive result, this would form the basis for a follow-up study on medical modulation of the microbiome with the aim of finding new treatment options for MS.
