Investigating the Interaction Between Two Long-acting Reversible Methods of Contraception and Dolutegravir, a Treatment for HIV

This study will evaluate whether dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) given with two widely used hormonal contraceptives avoid pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions that lead to reduced levels of hormonal concentrations and could, thus, reduce contraceptive effectiveness. Two highly effective and commonly used methods of hormonal contraception in African settings will be studied: the levonorgestrel (LNG) sub-dermal contraceptive implant and the depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable contraceptive. Overall, the investigators hypothesise that the plasma concentrations of the studied hormonal contraceptives in women living with HIV-1 and taking DTG-based ART will be equivalent to concentrations in HIV-negative, ART naïve women. Specific Aims: Specific Aim 1: To compare plasma LNG concentrations among (a) levonorgestrel contraceptive implant-users in Botswana receiving DTG-based ART and (b) HIV-negative, ART naïve levonorgestrel contraceptive implant users. Specific Aim 2: To compare plasma medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) concentrations among (a) DMPA injectable-users in Botswana receiving DTG-based ART and (b) HIV-negative, ART naïve DMPA injectable users. Specific Aim 3: To compare the trough plasma concentrations of DTG before and after contraceptive use to understand how LNG and DMPA may affect DTG exposure. Specific Aim 4: To determine if the LNG implant and DMPA injectable inhibit ovulation in the presence of DTG. Specific Aim 5: To evaluate safety, tolerability, bleeding patterns and contraceptive method continuation with concomitant LNG implant or DMPA injectable, compared to controls (HIV negative, ART naïve women).