Comparing iView Video Laryngoscope in the Emergency Department

OBJECTIVE: The investigators are seeking to implement a clinical rotating protocol in which the investigators will use alternating months for which VL device is to be used comparing the i-view to the reusable devices within our department. The investigators are seeking to answer the following questions: 1. Does the i-view have similar first pass success rates compared to the reusable VL devices (e.g. GlideScope, C-Mac)? 2. Does the i-view have similar attempts required for placement compared to the reusable VL devices? SUBJECT POPULATION: The investigators are seeking all patients undergoing intubation for which the clinician chooses to use VL. NUMBER OF STUDY RECORDS: The investigators are seeking all encounters for which a VL intubation happens over the course of one years. Our limit will be based on the number of times the procedure occurs. INCLUSION CRITERIA: The investigators are seeking any encounter for which the patient undergoes VL intubation as part of routine clinical care. SAMPLE SIZE ESTIMATION: A power analysis in SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC) indicated that a total sample of 122 would be needed to find that the i-view is non-inferior to the reusable VL if the expected outcome rate (proportion of patients experiencing first-pass success) for the i-view is 87%, the expected outcome rate for the reusable VL is 92%, the noninferiority margin is 5%, power is 80%, and alpha is 5%. DATA ANALYSIS: The investigators will use the farrington-Manning score test for non-inferiority to test the first two hypotheses (that the i-view has a non-inferior proportion of patients experiencing hypoxic events, and that the i-view has a non-inferior first-pass success rate compared to the reusable VL devices). The farrington-Manning score test computes the proportion (risk) difference and 90% confidence interval (for a one-sided test) with regards to a predetermined non-inferiority limit. The investigators will use pairwise deletion to handle missing data points (i.e., will only exclude observations if missing data relevant to the specific analysis). Moreover, the investigators may perform regression modeling to adjust for confounders. The investigators performed all statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel (version 10, Redmond, Washington) and JMP Statistical Discovery from SAS (version 13, Cary, NC) or another available commercial software package. The investigators will present continuous variables as means and 95% confidence intervals, non-parametric continuous variables and ordinal variables as medians and interquartile ranges, and nominal variables as percentages and numbers. Significance will be set at p=0.05. The investigators will compare binomial variables using the Chi-square test, normally distributed continuous variables using the Student's t-test, and non-parametric and ordinal variables using the Wilcoxon Rank sum test.