Intensive Care Unit Acquired Infections in Patients Colonized With Extended Spectrum Enterobacteriaceae

Intestinal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) had become a major problem in general population, morover in intensive care units. Systematic rectal swab for screening is done in 70% of French ICU in routine. Some studies had show a good negative predictive value of this test for ICU-acquired infection (for example ventilator-associated pneumoniae), but a poor predictive positive value. The precise relationship between intestinal carriage and ICU-acquired infection is not perfectly known. Probabilist antibiotherapy with carbapenem for ESBL-E suspected infection are currently recommanded by national and european Guidelines, particulary in case of shock or immunodepression. A ESBL-E systematic screening-guided strategy for probabilist antibiotherapy could be interesting, and could lead to a carbapenem or a carbapenem-sparing focused antibiotherapy. The investigators conducted a monocentric retrospective observational cohort study in patients with presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in systematic rectal swabs to investigate the number of ESBL-E related infections, the site of these infections and which species of bacteriae are involved. They also investigate which was the antibiotherapy administered, and investigate what factors lead clinicians to treat the infection with carbapenem antibiotherapy.