Contrast Induced Nephropathy Among Vascular Patients Undergoing Lower Limb Angioplasty

We propose a retrospective single-center cohort study conducted in Singapore general hospital. Data would be extracted in patients who have undergone peripheral endovascular angioplasty from 01/01/2015 to 01/01/2020. The data will be extracted from the eHINTs Perioperative Subject Area without any direct identifiers. The subject area has been previously curated as part of the SingHealth ODySSEy (On-prem Research Data Science and Systems Explorer) System. There will be no patient identifier collected and the data collection administration will not have any access to patient identifier. Waiver of consent is sought and no patient interaction would be required for the study. The parameters to be extracted would include preoperative data such as patient demographics (age, gender, race, BMI), baseline comorbidities including but not limited to: hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, anemia, heart diseases (previous heart attack/history of congestive heart failure), preoperative renal function (measured by baseline Urea, creatinine, electrolytes level Na, K, Cl), preoperative long-term medication use including ACE inhibitor, ARB, beta-blocker, statin and diuretics and NSAIDS. Intraoperative data including types of anaesthesia used, operative duration, presence of intraoperative hypotension. Postoperative parameters such as mortality, length of stay in hospital and ICU, postoperative renal function measured by urea and creatinine level within 3 days and one month postoperatively. Statistical analysis will be performed to study the risk factors for CIN in patients undergoing peripheral endovascular angioplasty.