Age

18–100

Sex

ALL

Healthy volunteers

Not accepted

1. rectal adenocarcinoma,
2. World Health Organization (WHO) performance status 0-1, assessed by the MDT to be able to undergo capecitabine and oxaliplatin (CAPOX) treatment, 3) extramural vein invasion by magnetic resonance imaging (mrEMVI+) and
4\) assessed by the multi-disciplinary team (MDT) to require either radiotherapy (RT) or long chemoradiotherapy (CRT) by the current standards.

1. deficient mismatch repair (MMR) status,
2. non-dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPYD) genotype,
3. a contraindication to capecitabine, oxaliplatin or RT, or
4. failing in blood tests that describe the adequate circulatory, liver and kidney function for chemotherapy.

Systemic Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Control by Precision Medicine in Rectal Cancer