A Non-invasive Intervention (BreEStim) for Management of Phantom Limb Pain (PLP) After Limb Amputation (Experiment 3)

Exclusion Criteria

• •currently adjusting oral pain medications for their PLP;
• •has pain, but not PLP (e.g., from inflammation at the incision wound of the residual limb);
• •has a pacemaker, or other metal and/or implanted devices;
• •has cognitive impairment from brain injury or are not able to follow commands, or to give consent;
• •has amputation in multiple limbs;
• •have asthma or other pulmonary diseases;
• •are not medically stable;
• •have preexisting psychiatric disorders;
• •alcohol or drug abuse;
• •have a history of seizures/Epilepsy, or taking benzodiazepines, anticonvulsants, and antidepressants.