Testing the Addition of the Immune Therapy Drugs, Tocilizumab and Atezolizumab, to Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Glioblastoma

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) among three sequential dose levels: single-agent tocilizumab 4 mg/kg, single-agent tocilizumab 8 mg/kg, and tocilizumab 8 mg/kg + atezolizumab 1680 mg (each administered with fractionated stereotactic radiation therapy \[FSRT\]), to be used for subsequent phase II testing. (Safety Run-In) II. To determine the efficacy of the combination of tocilizumab (anti-IL6R), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), and FSRT in recurrent glioblastoma (GBM), as measured by the objective radiographic response rate (ORR). (Phase II \[Non-Surgical Cohort\]) SECONDARY OBJECTIVES: I. To estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with recurrent GBM treated with the combination of tocilizumab (anti-IL6R) and FSRT (and atezolizumab \[anti-PD-L1\], if dose level 3 is MTD). (Phase II Non-Surgical Cohort and Safety Run-in Cohort) II. To estimate the overall survival (OS) in patients with recurrent GBM treated with the combination of tocilizumab (anti-IL6R) and FSRT (and atezolizumab \[anti-PD-L1\], if dose level 3 is MTD)), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), and FSRT. (Phase II Non-Surgical Cohort and Safety Run-in Cohort) III. To estimate the progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with recurrent GBM treated with the combination of tocilizumab (anti-IL6R), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), and FSRT. (Phase II Surgical Cohort) IV. To estimate the overall survival (OS) in patients with recurrent GBM treated with the combination of tocilizumab (anti-IL6R), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), and FSRT. (Phase II Surgical Cohort) V. To determine the rate and severity of adverse events (AEs) of the combination of tocilizumab (anti-IL6R), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), and FSRT in recurrent glioblastoma according to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version (v) 5.0. (Separately in the Nonsurgical and Surgical Cohorts) EXPLORATORY OBJECTIVES: I. To determine the effect of the combination of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) and FSRT, with versus (vs.) without tocilizumab (anti-IL6R), on the GBM immune microenvironment. (Phase II Surgical Cohort) II. To evaluate the pharmacodynamic impact of the combination of tocilizumab (anti-IL6R), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), and FSRT on peripheral blood immune cell populations. (Phase II Surgical Cohort) III. To detect tumor and/or blood biomarkers associated with the outcomes of OS, PFS, and/or ORR in patients with recurrent GBM treated with the combination of tocilizumab (anti-IL6R), atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1), and FSRT. (Phase II Non-Surgical Cohort) OUTLINE: SAFETY RUN-IN, ARM 1 (Non Surgical Cohort: Dose Level 1): The non-surgical cohort is defined as patients with recurrent glioblastoma without a clinical indication for surgical resection. Patients receive tocilizumab 4 mg/kg administered intravenously (IV) over 60 minutes on Day 1. Within 3-7 days, patients undergo fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSRT) delivered in 3 fractions over 3-5 days in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Beginning 4 weeks after the first dose, patients resume tocilizumab every 4 weeks for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) throughout the study. (CLOSED TO ACCRUAL 08-AUG-2023) SAFETY RUN-IN, ARM 2 (Non Surgical Cohort: Dose Level 2): Patients receive tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV on Day 1. FSRT timing and fractionation, treatment schedule, and MRI assessments are performed as described in Arm 1. Beginning 4 weeks after the first dose, patients resume tocilizumab every 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED TO ACCRUAL 08-AUG-2023) SAFETY RUN-IN, ARM 3 (Non Surgical Cohort: Dose Level 3): Patients receive atezolizumab administered intravenously (IV) over 30-60 minutes followed by tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV on Day 1. FSRT timing and fractionation, treatment schedule, and MRI assessments are performed as described in Arm 1. Beginning 4 weeks after the first dose, patients resume atezolizumab plus tocilizumab every 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (CLOSED TO ACCRUAL 08-AUG-2023) NON SURGICAL COHORT, ARM 4 (Phase II Expansion): The non-surgical cohort is defined as patients with recurrent glioblastoma without a clinical indication for surgical resection. Patients receive atezolizumab IV followed by tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV on Day 1. FSRT timing and fractionation, treatment schedule, and MRI assessments are performed as described in Arm 1. Beginning 4 weeks after the first dose, patients resume atezolizumab plus tocilizumab every 4 weeks in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. SURGICAL COHORT, ARM A: The surgical cohort is defined as patients with recurrent glioblastoma with a clinical indication for surgical resection. Patients receive atezolizumab IV followed by tocilizumab 8 mg/kg IV on Day 1. Within 3-7 days, patients undergo FSRT delivered in 3 fractions over 3-5 days, followed by surgical resection 7-14 days after completion of FSRT. Beginning 21-42 days after surgery, patients receive atezolizumab plus tocilizumab every 4 weeks for up to 2 years in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Patients undergo MRI throughout the study, and blood and tumor tissue are collected on study. SURGICAL COHORT, ARM B: Patients receive atezolizumab IV alone on Day 1 prior to FSRT and surgery. FSRT timing and fractionation, surgical timing, post operative treatment, MRI assessments, and biospecimen collection are performed as described in Arm A. After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up at 30 days, 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months.