Sacral Neuromodulation in Children and Adolescents

Patients are selected according to the eligibility requirements. After obtaining informed consent off-label use and potential risks of sacral neuromodulation, all included patients and next of kin give written informed consent to the study. At baseline, patients are randomized to one of the two predefined subgroups: either invasive sacral neuromodulation or non-invasive sacral neuromodulation. Clinical symptoms and outcome variables are compared regarding the beginning of non-invasive sacral neuromodulation or the implantation of the tined lead electrode. Patients are closely monitored within 6 months. Treatment success is evaluated in routine clinical check-ups (week 4/8/12 and 24) and via specialized questionnaires and bowel movement diaries. Quality of life is evaluated at baseline and after 12 and 24 weeks of treatment.