Erector Spinae Muscle Block Versus Caudal Block by Sonar in Pediatrics Undergoing Lower Abdominal Surgery

on arrival of the patients to the operative theatre and after placement of the standard monitoring general inhalational anesthesia was induced by face mask with sevoflurane (4-8%) in oxygen after IV cannula was secured patients received 1mic/kg fentanyl and intubation was facilitated by 0.5mg/kg atracurium. isoflurane 1-2% with oxygen was used for maintenance of anesthesia. after stabilization of the patient's hemodynamics and before skin incision erector spinae block or caudal block was performed with the patient in lateral position. after the block patients were flipped back to their normal supine position, surgery took place 10 min after injection of local anesthetic. after termination of surgery reversal of the atracurium was done by giving neostigmine in a dose of 0.04mg/kg and atropine 0.02mg/kg and awake extubation was done