Identification of Autoantigens in EGPA and Severe Eosinophilic Asthma

The investigators will approach the research question with parallel agnostic and targeted approaches. In the agnostic approach the presence of auto-antibodies in patient serum and sputum to inactive and activated eosinophils, with and without post-translational modification, will be examined by indirect immunofluorescence. In the targeted approach the investigators will examine by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) the presence/absence of antibodies to pre-selected candidate eosinophil and base membrane proteins both in native form and post-translationally modified. Proteins to examine will be chosen based on literature review (e.g. eosinophil peroxidase and collagen V) and eosinophil-specific proteins identified by FANTOM5 (Functional Annotation of the Mouse/Mammalian Genome) geneset analysis (FANTOM Consortium et al. 2014). Both blood and sputum samples from highly-characterised patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and/or EGPA will be examined given the possibility of compartment-specific immune responses. Once candidate auto-antigens have been identified in the selected group of patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and EGPA, the investigators will then examine their prevalence in serum samples from a wider selection of patients with eosinophilic airways diseases including mild-to-moderate asthma, severe eosinophilic asthma, EGPA, nasal polyposis and eosinophilic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as well as healthy controls. Length of disease, atopy, presence/absence nasal polyps, gender, age will be examined as co-variates. Correlations with highest blood eosinophil counts, requirement for oral corticosteroids and presence of other auto-antibodies, e.g. anti-MPO (myeloperoxidase) ANCA (anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody), will be examined. In particular the investigators will look for the presence of novel autoantibodies in specific patient subsets: i) ANCA negative, ii) ANCA positive by immunofluorescence but negative for anti-MPO and anti-PR3 (proteinase-3) antibodies, iii) ANA (anti-nuclear antibody) positive but ANCA and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) negative; since patients in all three groups may have novel, as yet undetermined autoantibodies. ROC (receiver operator characteristic curve) AUC (area under curve) analyses will be conducted to ascertain the predictive value of blood auto-antibodies for diagnosis of eosinophilic airways disease.